Computer Hardware

by Md Munna

Like every machine, a computer is also made up of many parts and the parts of a computer are called computer hardware. These parts are necessary for the computer to work properly.

What is Computer Hardware?

Any part of the computer that you can touch with your body is called computer hardware. It is like the body of the computer. Some important parts of computer hardware are as follows:

CPU

The CPU is called the brain of the computer and its job is to perform calculations and process instructions from programs. When you type something on the computer or click with the mouse, the CPU processes those actions. Not all CPUs have the same speed. The speed and power of the CPU affect how quickly your computer can perform tasks like opening apps, playing games, or browsing the Internet.

RAM

RAM is a hardware of the computer in which the stored data remains for some time and hence it is also called volatile memory. As long as the computer is running, the data remains present in the RAM. When you restart or shut down the computer, the data present in the RAM gets deleted. The full form of RAM is Random Access Memory. Nowadays RAM is available with 2GB, 4GB, 8GB, 16GB storage capacity.

ROM

ROM is a hardware of the computer in which the computer manufacturer stores its information such as company name, logo, manufacturing date etc. The information stored in ROM is permanent and hence it is also called non-volatile memory. The information stored in ROM is not deleted even if the computer is formatted.

Hard Disk

A hard disk is an example of a secondary storage device. Since operating systems like Windows 11 require more space to function properly, every computer already has a hard disk installed. The storage capacity of a hard disk is much higher than that of RAM. Nowadays you can find hard drives with storage capacities of 128GB, 256GB, 500GB, 1TB, 2TB, 3TB, 5TB, 10TB.

Motherboard

The motherboard is the main circuit board of a computer that connects all of the computer components to the main processing unit and provides a means for them to communicate.

Chipset

The chipset is a set of electronic chips that is integrated into the motherboard. It specifically manages data flow and communication between the CPU, RAM, storage devices, and other peripherals connected to the motherboard. The chipset determines the capabilities and features of the motherboard, such as the number and type of ports (USB, SATA), support for overclocking, and integrated graphics.

Power Supply Unit

The function of the power supply unit is to convert electricity from the wall outlet into usable power for the motherboard and other computer parts.

Heat Sink

A heat sink is a metal device that captures and dissipates the heat generated by the CPU to prevent overheating, helping to maintain optimal performance.

Fan

Fans are essential for cooling parts like the CPU and GPU, as they circulate air inside the computer case, preventing overheating and ensuring smooth operation.

Sound card

A sound card processes audio signals, allowing a computer to produce sound for activities such as gaming, music, and video playback.

Graphics card

A graphics card enhances visual performance by rendering images and video, which is important for gaming, graphic design, and video editing tasks.

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